4.2. Related Works {#sec4.2}
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Urbanization is an important part of human history. It is a complex phenomenon involving various aspects including people, geography, nature, economy, technology, and politics. Since urbanization is a complex process, it is difficult to discover all of the factors that affect it. In the analysis of urbanization, one of the most important factors is public transportation. To analyze and understand the relationship between public transportation and urbanization, the authors have proposed a useful method, as follows:•The evaluation of urbanization is measured with the number of the various types of public transportations (urban buses, electric trains, and railway systems).•The public transportation is used to measure the degree of urbanization.•The public transportation is used to analyze and understand the relationship between urbanization and public transportation.•The public transportation is used to analyze and understand the influence of the history and geography on the urbanization.
The authors have also conducted many studies in order to measure the degree of urbanization. In addition, the authors have conducted several studies on measuring the relationship between urbanization and the public transportation. The authors, during the research, have recognized the limitation that there is no research on the effects of public transportation on urbanization. Therefore, they decided to investigate the effects of public transportation on the urbanization.
4.3. Review of the Literature and Study Design {#sec4.3}
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The authors choose the methods that they consider to be the most appropriate for their research. The first phase of the analysis is the selection of the databases that will be used to conduct the analysis. For this purpose, the authors used the key words "urbanization and public transportation" and their synonyms. We used the following databases to search: Science Direct, PubMed, Science Direct Index, Elsevier, Springer, TAC, and Google Scholar. As the result, 42 studies from Science Direct, PubMed, Science Direct Index, Elsevier, Springer, TAC, and Google Scholar have been selected.
The second phase of the analysis is the literature review. The analysis of the literature mainly considers the methods, the main findings, and the limitations of the studies. The authors checked each selected study in order to decide whether they are suitable for the research or not. The methodology of each study is also checked. The quality of the studies is considered, based on the study objectives, the study design, and the measures that have
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